There is a growing emphasis on international cooperation and joint response for coexistence and co-prosperity in the ocean as the climate crisis, such as rising sea levels and temperatures as well as extreme weather, is deepening, and bio-security and plastic pollution also threaten human survival. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, the international community has been stressing multilateral solutions centered on conventions instead of the “cooperation and coordination” of the past. The UN BBNJ Agreement adopted in 2023 and the global negotiations for “the UN Plastic Treaty” presents representative examples of the formation of a new international maritime order. In this context, this session explores how to proactively respond to the various challenges facing the ocean as well as to globally cooperate for coexistence and prosperity.