This proposed session examines the divergence between the ‘Asia-Pacific’ and ‘Indo-Pacific’ frameworks. While the former has traditionally emphasized economic interdependence and regional cooperation, the latter reflects intensifying geopolitical competition, particularly amid U.S.–China rivalry. As the Indo-Pacific gains prominence in U.S. and allied strategies, questions arise over whether these two regional constructs can coexist, compete, or be reconciled. The discussion will explore the implications for regional order, alliance structures, and cooperation, especially in the context of increasing uncertainty in U.S. foreign policy and global leadership.