The global trade and investment landscape is undergoing significant transformations driven by digitalization, energy transition, and geopolitical instability. These shifts present both challenges and opportunities for subnational governments seeking to attract trade and investment. This session will explore how subnational governments can adapt to this evolving landscape. Specifically, we will discuss tailoring policies and strategies to their specific economic, social, and environmental contexts, as well as strengthening relations with other subnational governments through subnational diplomacy.