Thomas Biersteker is Gasteyger Professor Honoraire at the Graduate Institute, Geneva. He previously directed the Graduate Institute's Global Governance Centre, and the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University and has also taught at Yale University and the University of Southern California. He is the author/editor of eleven books, including State Sovereignty as Social Construct (1996), The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance (2002), Targeted Sanctions: The Impacts and Effectiveness of United Nations Action (2016), and Informal Governance in World Politics (forthcoming). He is the principal developer of UNsanctionsapp (Available at: unsanctionsapp.com), a tool for mobile devices created in 2013 to increase access to information about targeted sanctions at the UN. He received his PhD and MS from MIT and his BA from the University of Chicago. Until 2020, he was Director of Policy Research at the Graduate Institute.