The 1970 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty has near universal membership though three key countries are missing, India, Israel, and Pakistan – and the DPRK contends it has withdrawn. The NPT has been hugely successful: apart from the DPRK, proliferation has been stopped – even reversed, and peaceful uses of nuclear technology have been facilitated. However, the NPT also foreshadowed negotiations in good faith on nuclear disarmament and not enough has been achieved. Frustration with the lack of progress on disarmament has led to the parallel effort to stigmatize nuclear weapons through the negotiation of a nuclear weapons ban treaty. WMD threats in the Middle East also bedevil the NPT review. Against this background, the NPT will mark its 50th anniversary at its regular five-year Review Conference in 2020. The session looks into the tasks that need to be tackled for the 2020 Review to produce fruitful results.